It's time for your swing to shine at the Texas Star Golf Course. Course architect Keith Foster strived to use the land's natural terrain and features. Hurricane Creek slashes through the heavily wooded site, playing an integral part in several holes. The result is a uniquely challenging test of strategic golf on a natural course.

Two celebrations in one! AWT will be hosting a reception recognizing the significant accomplishments of those who have achieved the status of Certified Water Technologist (CWT), and to also welcoming our new AWT members.

Be sure to attend this important meeting where we will discuss removing the restrictions on AWT membership. Make your voice heard and impact the direction of AWT!

• Call to Order
• President's Report
• New Business: Panel Discussion on AWT Membership Cap
• Q&A Period — Treasurer's Report
• Q&A Period — Committee Reports
• Q&A Period — Liaison Reports
• Approval of Minutes from October 31, 2013
• Adjournment

More than a Cinderella story, Jim Morris' journey is testimony to the power of dreams and their ability to inspire and transform human life. A fast-track minor league player, Morris' dreams were derailed by serious arm injuries. Eleven years later, he was a high school baseball coach who unexpectedly learned a life-changing lesson from his team. Now a role model to millions, Morris' memoir, The Rookie, was made into major motion picture, starring Dennis Quaid as Jim. A schoolteacher by trade, Morris' miracle story will captivate and inspire you to never give up on a dream.

These sessions are designed to be an informal way for attendees to share their own experiences and ideas. Be sure to stop by!

An electric-driven chiller used for HVAC is often configured for heat rejection through evaporation. In such a configuration, a cooling tower rejects heat that is transferred in the process by a water tube condenser. Condensers are designed to reject heat to an industry standard using a "heat transfer coefficient. Once the condenser is placed in service, a reduction in the heat transfer occurs as deposits form. A study at the Washington and Lee University Central Chiller Plant was performed to verify whether the reduction of biofilm would have a substantial impact on electrical costs due to increased heat transfer. Heat transfer data were collected using the manufacturer's energy monitoring system. Additional data show significant water savings and overall cleanliness of the evaporative cooling loop.

It is well-established that oxidizing biocides, and in particular bleach, penetrate poorly through biofilms and thus, are severely compromised in their ability to kill the underlying community of microorganisms. It is appropriate, therefore, to consider the use of non-oxidizing biocides as an alternative to oxidizing biocides for biofilm remediation. In this study, a mixed biofilm community has been selected for its ability to quickly produce a thick and durable biofilm. Biofilm release agents are evaluated independently of the non-oxidizing biocide and are used at the suppliers recommended dose. Biofilm removal is assessed by weight loss, and biofilm kill is measured by conducting total viable plate counts on the biofilm, which has been physically disrupted into a suspension of individual cells. Evaluation of non-oxidizing biocides against intact biofilm is important because biofilm release, even in the absence of biocide addition, often results in the detachment of large clusters of intact biofilm. Although the focus on this session is the remediation of biofilm, the conclusions and recommendations regarding biofilm prevention are equally informative. Biofilm control and remediation are relevant within the context of water movement across heat transfer surfaces, air movement through cooling tower fill, and control of the growth of pathogens such as Legionella.

Bacteria and biofilm play a critical role in the initiation, propagation, and formation of scale. Understanding the biology of the boundary layer, how bacteria and organic contamination are involved in this process, and the result of inhibition of organic contamination by sphagnum moss demonstrates the critical role of biology in this process. Two unique specie of sphagnum moss inhibit the formation of organic contamination, absorb positively charged cations, and stabilize pH when water is exposed to the leaves. Laboratory testing of the process of scale formation and practical experience in heat exchangers and cooling towers demonstrate the effect on scale formation. Practical experience with sphagnum moss treated pools, spas, cooling towers, steam generators, hot water systems, and boilers demonstrates the ability of sphagnum moss to accomplish this in the real world. Case studies of each category will be presented.

Whether monitoring disinfectant levels in a potable water treatment plant or tracking biocide residuals in a cooling water system, online chlorine measurement is of great value to the water treatment operator. Traditionally, online chlorine analyzers in the water treatment plant have utilized colorimetric measurement. With the introduction of EPA Method 334.0, however, amperometric measurement has become more prevalent. Chlorine analyzers that use amperometric sensors are not new to the industry, but there have been recent technological developments, and hence, certain crucial differences exist between the various sensor designs that result in some probes working better than others. This presentation will review the key features of amperometric technology that are important to consider when selecting an analyzer to best meet the needs of the application. Data showing the comparison between online colorimetric devices (DPD) and amperometric sensors will also be included.

The intent of this presentation is to introduce a new polymer and review the process of the design, development, and competitive evaluation for mineral scale control. The presentation will provide unique perspective and insight into the primary considerations of monomer selection and ratio tradeoffs, molecular weight optimization, and the balance of performance versus multiple mineral scale types. The presentation includes an overview of polymer functionality, where structure-function properties of common water treatment polymers are detailed. The concepts of threshold inhibition, crystal habit modification, and particulate dispersion are defined and applied to laboratory evaluation data for the new polymer on common mineral scales such as calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. These data are then applied to suggested uses and formulations for cooling water and boiler applications.

Silica scale is one of the most difficult scales to remove once it has adhered to surfaces and can eventually lead to system shutdown. It has been reported that, with the exception of organic fouling, silica is the most dominant type of fouling in reverse osmosis membranes. Silica scale is an especially significant problem in regions where ground geology contains high levels of silicaceous rocks. Because of this, silica is best controlled during its formation stage into silica/silicate scale. Controlling silica scale is a relatively well-discussed topic; however, in the past, the primary focus of research has been alkaline conditions where magnesium silicate is the main form of scale. Control of colloidal/amorphous silica scale formation, which exists mainly in neutral pH type conditions, has not been looked at in great detail. With the target of overall silica control, an innovative antiscalant has been developed. This session will focus on the performance of this novel antiscalant for silica—as well as silicate control—under various conditions.

Deposit control polymers (DCPs) are essential components of successful water treatment programs. DCPs condition, suspend, and reduce adherence of particles to equipment surfaces by functioning as scale inhibitors, crystal modifiers, and/or dispersants. As components of treatment programs for high-temperature water systems (e.g., boiler, geothermal), DCPs should sustain performance under system operating pressure and temperature environments. This presentation evaluates the impact of thermal stability on DCP structure (e.g., molecular weight, composition) and performance (e.g., calcium carbonate inhibition, iron oxide dispersion, hydroxyapatite dispersion).

Water treatment chemists have long observed that some scale inhibitors work better at a high pH and that some inhibitors have little, if any, activity at very low pH. This session provides a framework for evaluating relative inhibitor activity using dissociation profiles for common inhibitors and calculating the distribution of inhibitor species versus pH. The use of dissociation constants for inhibitors provides a valuable tool for matching inhibitors to a specific application range pH, and as an aid in scale inhibitor selection. It can also provide a tool for evaluating and comparing new molecules. The presentation, along with the concept of active versus inactive (or less active) inhibitor forms, offers explanations for what appeared to be anomalies during the modeling of inhibitor performance data, as well as field observations such as: Why is the minimum dosage requirement for calcium phosphate inhibition by some polymers so much lower than the requirement for others? Why does the addition of pH as a variable for correlation dramatically improve the correlation coefficient (niceness of fit) for some inhibitors, even for scales whose solubility is, for all practical purposes, independent of pH? Laboratory test methods for efficacy measurement are also discussed.

These sessions are designed to be an informal way for attendees to share their own experiences and ideas. Be sure to stop by!

Learn the causation for the formation of deposits in a water system, along with methods that could be taken to identify and prevent the deposit formation. What causes a type of deposit to form, how to interpret a deposit analysis, what practices and chemistries could have prevented the deposit, and how to remove the deposit from the system will be reviewed.

The Owner's Roundtable is an informal, small group session for business owners to share their experiences with other business owners, or soon-to-be business owners. The discussions will include what has and has not worked, what to watch out for, and best practices.

These sessions are designed to be an informal way for attendees to share their own experiences and ideas. Be sure to stop by!

Chloramine has been found to be equal to chlorine dioxide as a secondary disinfectant for hospital potable water. Legionella are readily inactivated by chloramine. A literature search at the time revealed no commercially available monochloramine generators, so one was fabricated and used on the cooling tower at two facilities. This presentation reports the results of a six-year study on two cooling towers. The results of laboratory testing on corrosivity and the aggressiveness to phosphonates and azoles are reported.

A stabilized, chlorine-based cooling water biocide product was introduced in the United States in 2008. This product is a single-feed, ready-to-use liquid biocide for industrial and institutional water treatment applications. The product is designed to maximize the performance of chlorine, which is by far the most popular cooling water microbial control agent because of its cost advantages. The new product breaks up slime masses from within by producing bromine in situ. The product has minimal odor and can be stored for very long periods with minimal degradation. This stability makes feeding uniquely easy. In addition, the amount of product needed is only 1/3 to 1/4 of the amount of bleach that is needed. This, combined with the fact that the need for supplemental biocides is greatly reduced, or even eliminated, makes it significantly more cost-effective than bleach. This product has been used for many different types of cooling water systems, including large industrial systems and relatively small comfort cooling water systems. This presentation summarizes the experiences in the field with this new product over the last several years and suggests the most effective ways to use it.

With increasing regulations related to transporting, storing, and using chlorine gas or sodium hypochlorite, the need for onsite-generated chlorine is increasing. For applications using sodium hypochlorite, much of the transportation and storage cost is primarily due to the water content. For example, if you have 12% sodium hypochlorite, 88% of it is water and other substances. Over a short period, the chlorine decomposes further into things like chlorite or chlorate, and the solution is no longer at the original 12% strength. In addition, using liquid sodium hypochlorite adds a lot of salt to a process.

Monochloramine is a well-known disinfectant for drinking water with several advantages over chlorine and chlorine dioxide. Monochloramine is included in the U.S. EPA list of disinfectants for drinking water. At the beginning of the 21st century, epidemiological studies demonstrated monochloramine's superior ability to control Legionella in hot water health-care premises. In 2005, a research program was set up to provide a reliable and effective method for producing monocloramine directly in domestic hot water systems, at the safest concentration and without accumulation of byproducts. The results of this research, which has been carried out in collaboration with Italian and American institutions, showed that monocloramine can be safely and reliably prepared and that it is the best approach to Legionella remediation in healthcare facilities.

Marketing for any small to mid-size business can be challenging, especially on a limited budget. Deciding on where and how to market and determining whether or not the tactics used were effective can be a daunting task that often gets overlooked in favor of more pressing business matters. In this session, learn some tips on how to effectively build a brand in your area and to develop relationships that have the potential to lead to sales.

This session will focus on helping business owners get compliant and remain compliant with the Affordable Care Act following full implementation in 2014. Additionally, instruction will be provided not only on staying compliant so that the business is within the letter of the law, but also in creating a benefits platform that attracts and retains the type of employee the business desires to keep. This is done intentionally through a thoughtful strategic planning process that integrates the corporate goals with the employee benefits program.

In today's world, lawsuits are occurring in every industry—even in the water treatment industry! What you must realize is that you cannot avoid being sued, but you can reduce the potential costs one would incur with litigation. Costs include not just out of pocket expenses like lawyer's fees, expert witness fees, and metallurgical laboratory work, but also time involving meetings, depositions, and the like. Even in a lawsuit in which a water treater was not responsible, within the first two months of a case, costs reached six figures, all of which the water treater was unable to recover. During this session, the presenters will use insights gleaned from other cases to discuss the conditions that brought about the suits and corrective actions that you can take to reduce your liability.

Join the Women of Water (WOW) for a casual networking reception. This is your opportunity to speak with others in the industry.

Guest Speaker: Fran Phillips, Environmental Partner, Gardere Wynne Sewell Law Firm

Fran will speak about her many inspirational stories that tell of how she overcame her obstacles as a young female attorney working for the Environmental Protection Agency. Fran has just been named the Top Environmental Attorney in Texas and one of the Top 100 Female Attorneys in the World.

This session will provide an overview of Legionella-related litigation, the four factors that determine a water treater's legal risk, and six ways to reduce risk. It will also provide new information on this topic and and leave a significant amount of time for questions. This session will not provide legal advice but simply give information based on serving as an expert in Legionnaires-related lawsuits.

Proposed Legionella standards from ASHRAE and CTI have increased your client's awareness (and anxiety). Now more than ever, water treatment professionals are on the front line for Legionella control. How to balance working with your clients while ensuring you have a legal safety net can be a challenge. This sessions explores 1) what's new in Legionnaires disease, including detection methods and Legionella control, 2) options on how you can work with your clients to provide risk management, and 3) strategies to limit your exposure to Legionella-related claims.

The AWT Young Professionals Group was created to provide a place for young professionals within the water treatment industry to learn, mingle, and grow. Join us for Happy Hour to meet with your peers in the industry.

Facebook: http://on.fb.me/1opaWRu
YPG LinkedIn: http://linkd.in/1qJDoke
YPG Twitter: http://bit.ly/1pPaI5D

We'll be visiting the famous AT&T Stadium for our Annual Reception and Awards Dinner this year! Not only will you get a tour of the stadium, you'll also get to walk on the field. Plus, after dinner, we'll celebrate the achievements of the recipients of the Ray Baum Memorial Water Technologist of the Year and the Supplier of the Year Awards.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) testing has become a staple method for rapidly estimating microbial bio-burdens in various water systems, including in cooling towers and other heat exchange systems. However, previous ATP data provided only an indication of total levels of microbial contamination in these systems. Moreover most ATP test methods do not differentiate between cellular ATP (cATP) and ATP that is associated with cell fragments or otherwise in extracellular form. This session reports a modification of the method to differentiate between cATP from eukaryotic cells and cATP from prokaryotic cells. The method relies on a combination of surfactant and filtration technologies and has been vetted in both laboratory and field evaluations. The developmental process, laboratory validation, and field verification results are presented. The method provides cooling tower and heat exchange system personnel with a tool for rapidly quantifying and differentiating between algal and bacterial contamination—thereby facilitating onsite selection and application of appropriate antimicrobial treatments.

Biocide programs are one effective way to control bio-burden in energy applications, but without timely and proactive monitoring, it is difficult to properly manage such programs. In recent years, there has been an increased emphasis on the use of molecular methods for the detection of microorganisms in energy applications. One such molecular method is the 2nd Generation ATP test, which was introduced in the energy sector in the early 2000s. This technique builds upon traditional ATP tests that have been successfully utilized in food processing and packaging applications for decades, and enables the same rapid measurement and response capability as has grown to be a custom in those industries. ATP is the central energy carrier for all living cells; hence, the measurement of ATP relates directly to the total quantity of living cells. In addition, the methodology to measure ATP is portable and provides results in a matter of minutes, compared to days or weeks for traditional culture-based tests. This session will summarize how the 2nd Generation ATP test has been successfully applied to both upstream and downstream energy applications as part of anti-corrosion, anti-fouling, and anti-souring strategies. It will also present data compiled to achieve method standardization and validation (e.g., ASTM D7687).

Although industrial biocides can be effective microbiological control agents, use of them alone cannot guaranty a successful microbiological control program. Many factors can adversely impact the performance of a biocide program—the makeup water source, system impurities, corrosion and deposit control agents, system metallurgy, system design and operational parameters, UV exposure, maintenance practices, etc. Some of these factors are within the control of the water treatment professional; others are not. One certainty is that biocides must be handled and dosed properly in order to achieve the optimum effect. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the key factors that will help you optimize biocide performance. These factors will be illustrated using a combination of lab studies, microbiological tests and field observations. This session will primarily focus on oxidizing biocides, but the principles introduced hold for any biocide of interest.

Maintaining biological control of your cooling water system is important for the overall health of the system. Biological growth can affect corrosion and scale, and biofilm can reduce efficiency of heat exchangers and fill. While maintaining biological control in a cooling water system is critical, it can be difficult and vary from system to system. This presentation will explore common ways of controlling microorganisms using oxidizing and non-oxidizing biocides. In addition, the differences in mechanisms of action, kill rates, corrosion, dosing frequency, testing protocol, and perceived product safety will be evaluated. These factors are critical to determining what kind of microbial control strategy may be best for the systems you treat.

State-of-the-art corrosion inhibitor programs for evaporative cooling systems are based on phosphate, phosphonates, and zinc, and combinations thereof. A need exists for corrosion inhibitors having an improved environmental profile and/or an improved performance. This session shows the results obtained with a newly developed corrosion inhibitor. The molecule is free of heavy metals and is characterized by an excellent environmental profile. Corrosion tests have been carried out with metal specimens independent of inhibitor concentration, water composition, and water temperature. Electrochemical methods (e.g., voltammetry, polarization resistance) were applied, as were beaker tests and long-term tests in cooling circuit simulating devices. Therefore, the efficiency of the new inhibitor as well as of combinations with other organic inhibitors has been studied. Finally, the new inhibitor has been tested in a pilot cooling tower under practical conditions. The results of the corrosion tests clearly show an excellent efficiency of the new corrosion inhibitor. Significant synergies could be identified between the new substance and other inhibitors. The pilot plant studies of a formulation based on the new corrosion inhibitor show better, or at least the same, performance compared to commercially available corrosion inhibitors, but a marked reduction of the phosphorous entry into the wastewater. The improved performance can be transferred directly into savings.

This presentation will address the science behind filming amines and their environmental benefits. Then, the field experience and treatment programs from companies that have used and rigorously tested the amines will be shared. A single blended amine emulsion can address multiple problems; biofouling, biofilm, scaling, corrosion, and sedimentation. These specially designed blends act differently, targeting only the wetted internal surfaces of the water circuit to protect it with a molecular coating. Extensive laboratory and field testing have proven the benign character of these products, which are discharged in small quantities and do not impact public water treatment systems. The products can be employed in fresh, salt, and reclaimed water. Expert research has shown that, in addition to the corrosion control, select blended amines can prevent biofilm buildup and control scaling. When properly implemented in cooling tower systems, there should be no detectable chemical discharge to the environment from the brief daily dosing of very small quantities of the amines. Economic advantages of the systems include the condensed nature of the products and requiring lower labor, transport, storage, and equipment costs. Amine emulsions do not burn, explode, or volatilize, which creates a safer environment for service technicians, customers, and the public.

Abstract: Tannins extracted from renewable resources are green molecules that protect steam boilers much above ASME guidelines, for more than four decades. Using purified tannin-based corrosion inhibitors reduce water and energy consumption, greenhouse gases emissions, and contaminants to the effluents; while reducing the environmental footprint of Industry. This paper investigates surface interactions of purified tannins (TG 3300) corrosion inhibitor with mild steel surfaces, using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation (QCM-D), to characterize the performance of the tannin-based layer. The results show the formation of an effective and stable tannin-based protective layer on mild steel within the first 5-15 minutes. The adsorption isotherm showed the optimum bulk concentration of TG 3300 for protecting mild steel surfaces. High corrosion protection of mild steel by TG 3300 was also evidenced by the field results (i.e. "excellent" referred to AWT Guideline). This work is a significant advancement in the field of tannin-based corrosion inhibition of mild steel because it links the laboratory results with four decades of industrial empirical optimization.

Respirometry is the measurement and interpretation of biological oxygen consumption or gas production under experimental conditions. Under aerobic conditions, oxygen utilization is directly associated with both bacterial reproduction and substrate removal, so respirometry is a useful technique for monitoring, modeling, and controlling biological processes. Historically, aerobic respirometry was viewed as an instrumental alternative to Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) testing of wastewater samples. Over the past two decades, many new types of commercial respirometers have been developed, making the technology more available to consultants and design engineers. More recently, open respirometer systems have been introduced. Open respirometry offers the operator the opportunity to more closely simulate actual operating conditions in the activated sludge system. With sophisticated software, kinetic modeling, and BOD fractioning, studies can also be performed. This session presents test protocols and results from several respirometry studies conducted over the last few years using both open and closed systems. We will show that respirometry can be a vital tool in understanding a wastewater treatment system by giving operators and engineers options to aid in increasing treatment efficiency and overcome upset conditions.

Insufficient or inaccurate historical UV transmittance (UVT) data can lead to the imprecise design and sizing of a UV disinfection system. In addition to how the UVT parameter is used in the planning stages of a UV project, the inability to detect immediate changes in UVT as part of a facility's continuous water quality monitoring can lead to unnecessary energy consumption (overdosing) or compromised water quality (underdosing). When a UV disinfection facility is in operation, the water conditions often change on a daily basis, and the actual UVT could be significantly better than what the historical data has shown for the same time period. Due to the nature of UVT and the bias towards detecting changes in organic matter, the UVT parameter can be used to signal a change in performance of many TOC removal processes, such as ion exchange, coagulation, GAC filtration, and UF/NF membranes. While UVT is not linearly proportionate to the change in concentration of organic matter in the water, it is a practical alternative to signal an overall change or compromise in the treated water from one of the above processes upstream from a UV disinfection system. This makes it a viable, practical, and affordable alternative to other organics monitoring techniques, such as TOC.

The use of solid water treatment scale and corrosion inhibitors for cooling water systems has been successfully demonstrated to be a viable and sustainable alternative to liquid chemistry for well over a decade. Most of the advantages associated with using solid products have been related to safety, material handling, saving space, shipping, and the associated reduction of the carbon footprint (e.g., one case of four bottles weighing 44 lbs is equivalent to a 500 lb drum of a traditional liquid inhibitor). Solids are dissolved, just prior to point of use, by means of a unique on-demand mechanical system that controls the amount of spray during each dissolving interval. The solution is then introduced into the water system by various methods. Perceived inconsistencies in solution strengths are eliminated with the addition of PTSA dye-tracing of these products with 24/7 online monitoring. System probes detecting minute amounts of dye signal changes to dispensing equipment (i.e., pumps, eductors, and solenoids). PTSA traced products can also be tested with a handheld device, eliminating time-consuming wet-test methods, which can be prone to interference and technician errors. Data from beta testing of several systems will be demonstrated to show more consistent results.

As the water treatment industry strives to be environmentally responsible by saving and reusing water, reverse osmosis (RO) continues to play a vital role in the pretreatment of industrial water systems. By reducing the dissolved solids of the water to be used, it is often possible to reduce water and chemical usage by increasing cycles of concentration, decreasing heat loss, and increasing overall efficiency of the system. Thus, it becomes essential to increase reverse osmosis recovery rates and yet prevent problems associated with membrane deposition. Using CaSO4 and CaCO3 as a focus, this presentation investigates methods for maximizing the success of the effective use of reverse osmosis chemical inhibitors, especially polymers and phosphonates, to maintain reverse osmosis efficiency.

Properly engineered water is the preferred industrial heat transfer medium because its heat capacity is almost twice that of organic-based coolants. In water-cooled extruder barrel cooling, conventional water treatment technologies fail due to the deposition of inhibitory additives in the narrow passageways of zone heater/coolers. This presentation introduces some successes with the use of engineered water in water-cooled extruder cooling systems. Key presentation points supported from field studies confirm that a simple maintenance program based on a two-product restoration/application approach ensures dependable extruder performance and service, maximizes extruder output, and eliminates downtime due to cooling system corrosion and fouling. In addition, using engineered waters as industrial coolants maximizes account production capability and water management service company profitability, while not increasing a service technician's field obligations.

The membrane filtration plant located in southern Louisiana experienced severe membrane fouling due to biological growth. In the past, organics were oxidized and broken down by chlorination prior to passing through prefilters and then a set of membrane filters. However, this practice had gone out of favor due to production of disinfection by-products (DBPs) such as Trihalomethanes (THMs) and Haloacidic Acids (HAAs). The utility therefore sought to remove pre-chlorination, but complete removal of pre-oxidation resulted in severe membrane fouling and eventual failure. Upon investigation, it was found that proactive biological monitoring using advanced ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) was able to guide mitigation activities and optimize several design modifications to provide improved plant operation and product water quality. In this situation, ATP monitoring quickly identified elevated microbial content not only in the raw water, permeate, and reject, but also within the membranes themselves. This enabled personnel to assess the effects of decreased pre-chlorination, diagnose the fouling issue as a biological problem, and optimize of the membrane cleaning process. The design changes that were implemented based on this enhanced monitoring scheme had proven to be very effective. The results of this modification included: far lower microbial content (as indicated by ATP monitoring) in the permeate streams, enhanced biostability resulting in the ability to maintain chlorine residual for a longer period, and thousands of dollars per month in electricity savings due to reduced fouling and the head loss that occurs across fouled membranes.

This presentation will focus on understanding the role of biocides in controlling the biofilms in cooling water systems. The first half of the presentation will provide an overview of what a biofilm is, how they are established, and the areas of concern within the cooling tower system. The many components in each layer of the biofilm and their interactions are fundamental to biofilm function. Key to the biofilm is the different microorganisms associated with cooling water biofilms. These microorganisms, in combination with the formation of the biofilm, contribute to the development of microbial-induced corrosion or the reduction of heat transfer within the cooling water system. The presentation will further define microbial-induced corrosion and the impact on the cooling water system. Microbial-induced corrosion is a major concern for water treatment companies. The second half of the presentation will focus on the biocide efficacy studies performed on biofilms. The presentation will cover the details of the test protocol, how the biofilm systems were evaluated, and the chemistry of each of the biocide system. Results of the individual efficacy studies will be reviewed and conclusions from the studies will be presented.

Cost-conscious end-users continue to challenge their water treatment service providers to offer the best treatment solutions at the lowest cost, yet end-users are unwilling to trade off performance for cost. Cooling water service providers are often faced with difficult microbiological control conditions, which compromises their ability to reduce the end-user's treatment costs while maintaining a profitable account. This presentation examines how a relatively new, blended, non-oxidizing biocide of tributyl tetradecyl phosphonium chloride (TTPC) improves microbiological performance while reducing total cooling water treatment costs compared to industry standard non-oxidizers such as isothiazolone. Detailed lab and field trial data are presented to show improved microbiological performance up to four times more effective than isothiazolone and up to 20 times more effective than glutaraldehyde when used in combination with halogens. Field trial data ranging from industrial cooling towers to air handling units demonstrate total treatment cost savings in the range of 30–60%.

Deionization is the process whereby ordinary tap water is transformed into ultrapure water, or purified water somewhere between tap water and ultrapure water depending upon the requirements of the process to be supplied the modified water. The first requirement is to accurately define the quality of the water required, followed by designing and obtaining equipment and resins to accomplish the stated goal.